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Splinter knew they would never be accepted in their urban society, so he took them to the sewers, made a home down there, and made the four turtles his children. Yoshi, having to have stepped on that rat, thus mutated into a humanoid brown rat by the name of "Splinter", while Leo and his brothers, after coming in contact with Splinter when he was human, mutated into humanoid turtles. In the end, the Kraang dropped the canister of Mutagen they were holding, causing the turtles and Yoshi to mutate. The Kraang found him and attempted to kill him, but Yoshi fought back hard. Unfortunately, Yoshi gave away his position when he accidentally stepped on a brown rat's tail. When their soon to be father walked passed a strange man, a Kraangdroid, he felt something odd about him and followed. Leonardo and his brothers were once ordinary turtles: when they were infants, they were adopted from a pet store by Hamato Yoshi. He tends to be hard on himself, but his diligence does not go unnoticed he is the favored student of Splinter, whose approval he very much craves. He's the most driven of the four Turtles, training and studying relentlessly. It's the gap between his aspiration and current situation that is the greatest source of frustration in Leo's life. Unfortunately, he's an inexperienced teen (for the moment at least) with three smart-aleck brothers. The leader of the Turtles, Leonardo aspires to be a brave, decisive, perfect hero. 7 Powers, Abilities, Weaponry and Skills.In Lego's Bionicle franchise, the water surrounding the pit is mutagenic, causing mutation in most of the major characters who enter the water.In the Street Fighter movie, a bag of mutagens is used by General Bison to transform Carlos Blanka into a monster.The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles were supposedly created by means of mutagens, as well as their master Splinter and (in the 1987 cartoon) their enemies Bebop and Rocksteady.The Inhumans of Marvel Comics utilize a mutagen called the " Terrigen Mist".In science fiction, mutagens are often represented as substances that are capable of completely changing the form of the recipient. Vinca Alkaloids, Natural Plant Alkaloid.Ethidium bromide (EtBr), and other intercalating agents.

Transposons, autonomous DNA fragment relocation/multiplication.Gamma and Alpha Radiation, ionising radiations.Nitrous acid, (HNO 2) Deaminating agent.The Ames test is one method to determine how mutagenic an agent is. Some work indirectly by causing the cells to synthesize chemicals that have the direct mutagenic effect.

Some react with DNA and cause structural changes that lead to miscopying of the template strand when the DNA is replicated.

Some mutagens act as base analogs and get inserted into the DNA strand during replication in place of the substrates.

Mutagens can be divided into different categories according to their effect on DNA replication: Mutagens are usually chemical compounds or ionizing radiation. He also discovered that x-rays did not only mutate genes in fruit flies, but also had effects on the genetic makeup of humans. He went on to use x-rays to create Drosophila mutants that he used in his studies of genetics. In the 1920s, Hermann Muller discovered that x-rays caused mutations in fruit flies. It was estimated that in these organisms about one nucleotide in every 10 10 is changed and continues through reproduction to future generations of cells. Though it is difficult to determine in many organisms, estimates for mutation rates have been made for both E. In general, the more nucleotide differences between two organisms, the more time has elapsed since their last common ancestor. The change in a population’s genetic material due to the accumulation of random chance is called drift and serves as a molecular clock. Many mutations cause no visible effects at all, either because they occur in introns, or because they do not change the amino-acid sequence, due to redundancy of codons. Although many of these mutations are lethal, or cause serious disease, some have minor effects, as the changes they cause in the sequence of encoded proteins are not significant.

The changes in nucleic acid sequences by mutations include substitution of nucleotide base-pairs and insertions and deletions of one or more nucleotides in DNA sequences.